因其顏色為(wei)(wei)紫(zi)紅色而得名(ming)。各種性質見銅(tong)(tong)。紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)就是工業純銅(tong)(tong)，其熔點為(wei)(wei)1083℃，無同素異構轉變，相對密度為(wei)(wei)8.9，為(wei)(wei)鎂的五倍。比普通鋼(gang)還重約15%。其具有玫(mei)瑰紅色，表面形(xing)成氧化膜后呈紫(zi)色，故(gu)一般稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)。它是含(han)有一定(ding)氧的銅(tong)(tong)，因而又稱(cheng)含(han)氧銅(tong)(tong)。

紫銅有良(liang)好(hao)的導電(dian)、導熱(re)、耐蝕和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)性能(neng),可以焊(han)接和(he)釬焊(han)。含降低導電(dian)、導熱(re)性雜質(zhi)較少,微量的氧(yang)對(dui)導電(dian)、導熱(re)和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)等(deng)性能(neng)影響不(bu)大，但易引起"氫病"，不(bu)宜在(zai)高溫(如>370℃)還原性氣氛中加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(退火、焊(han)接等(deng))和(he)使(shi)用。

這(zhe)里(li)所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，確實要非常純(chun)(chun)，含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)達(da)99.95%以上(shang)才行。極(ji)少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜質，特別是磷、砷、鋁等，會(hui)(hui)大大降低銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)率。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中含氧(煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)容易混入少量氧)對(dui)導電(dian)(dian)率影(ying)響很大，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)工業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)一般(ban)(ban)都必(bi)須是無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。另外，鉛、銻(ti)、鉍(bi)等雜質會(hui)(hui)使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)晶不(bu)能(neng)結(jie)合(he)在(zai)一起，造成熱脆，也會(hui)(hui)影(ying)響純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工。這(zhe)種純(chun)(chun)度(du)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，一般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)法精(jing)制(zhi):把不(bu)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(即粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong))作(zuo)(zuo)陽極(ji)，純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)陰極(ji)，以硫酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)溶液(ye)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)。當電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過后，陽極(ji)上(shang)不(bu)純(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)逐(zhu)漸(jian)熔解(jie)，純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)便逐(zhu)漸(jian)沉淀(dian)在(zai)陰極(ji)上(shang)。這(zhe)樣精(jing)制(zhi)而(er)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong);純(chun)(chun)度(du)可達(da)99.99%。

銅+銀Cu+Ag:≥99.90

錫Sn:≤0.002

鋅Zn:≤0.005

鉛Pb:≤0.005

鉛Pb:≤0.005

鎳Ni:≤0.005

鐵Fe:≤0.005

銻Sb:≤0.002

硫S:≤0.005

砷As:≤0.002

鉍Bi:≤0.001

氧O:≤0.06

注:≤0.1(雜質(zhi))

抗拉強度σb (MPa):≥275

伸長率(lv)δ10 (%):≥5

伸長率(lv)δ5 (%):≥10

注:棒材的縱向室溫拉(la)伸力學性能

試樣尺寸(cun):直徑(jing)或對邊距離(li)5~40