因其(qi)顏色為(wei)紫(zi)紅(hong)色而得(de)名(ming)。各種(zhong)性質(zhi)見銅(tong)。就是工業純銅(tong)，其(qi)熔點(dian)為(wei)1083℃，無同(tong)素異構(gou)轉變，相對密(mi)度為(wei)8.9，為(wei)鎂的五倍(bei)。比普(pu)通鋼還重約15%。其(qi)具有玫瑰紅(hong)色，表面(mian)形成氧(yang)(yang)化膜后(hou)呈紫(zi)色，故一般稱為(wei)紫(zi)銅(tong)。它是含(han)有一定(ding)氧(yang)(yang)的銅(tong)，因而又稱含(han)氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)。

紫銅有良(liang)好的導(dao)(dao)電(dian)、導(dao)(dao)熱(re)、耐蝕和加(jia)工性能(neng),可以焊接和釬焊。含降低導(dao)(dao)電(dian)、導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性雜質較少,微量的氧(yang)對導(dao)(dao)電(dian)、導(dao)(dao)熱(re)和加(jia)工等(deng)性能(neng)影響(xiang)不(bu)大(da)，但易引起"氫病"，不(bu)宜在高溫(如>370℃)還原性氣(qi)氛(fen)中加(jia)工(退(tui)火(huo)、焊接等(deng))和使用。

這(zhe)里所說的(de)(de)(de)，確實要非常純(chun)，含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)達99.95%以(yi)上才行。極少量的(de)(de)(de)雜質，特別是磷、砷、鋁等，會(hui)大(da)大(da)降低銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)率。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中含氧(煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)容易混(hun)入少量氧)對導(dao)電(dian)(dian)率影響很大(da)，用于電(dian)(dian)氣工業的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般都必須是。另外，鉛、銻、等雜質會(hui)使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)晶不(bu)能結(jie)(jie)合在一起(qi)，造成熱脆(cui)，也會(hui)影響純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)加工。這(zhe)種純(chun)度很高的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，一般用電(dian)(dian)解法(fa)精制(zhi):把不(bu)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(即粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong))作陽極，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)作陰極，以(yi)硫(liu)酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)溶液為電(dian)(dian)解液。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過后，陽極上不(bu)純(chun)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)逐漸熔(rong)解，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)便逐漸沉淀在陰極上。這(zhe)樣精制(zhi)而得的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong);純(chun)度可達99.99%。

銅+銀Cu+Ag:≥99.90

錫Sn:≤0.002

鋅Zn:≤0.005

鉛Pb:≤0.005

鉛Pb:≤0.005

鎳(nie)Ni:≤0.005

鐵Fe:≤0.005

銻Sb:≤0.002

硫S:≤0.005

砷As:≤0.002

鉍Bi:≤0.001

氧O:≤0.06

注:≤0.1(雜質)

抗拉強度σb (MPa):≥275

伸長(chang)率δ10 (%):≥5

伸長(chang)率δ5 (%):≥10

注:棒材的縱向(xiang)室(shi)溫拉伸力學(xue)性(xing)能

試樣尺寸:直(zhi)徑或對邊(bian)距(ju)離(li)5~40